TCP/IP Networking Technical Operations

Question: Portray about the TCP/IP Networking for Technical Operations. Answer: 1: Repeater: this is fundamentally for taking care of the activities at the degree of the physical layer. It can produce the signs totally with a similar system design. For this, it is mostly that the sign is seen as degenerate or powerless thus they are totally seen as tainted alongside taking care of intensification of the signs with the administration of the recovery of the first quality. (Hassan et al., 2003). Switch: This depends on the focuses which depends on the linkage to deal with the MAC address with the best possible associations with the framework. There have been signal transmission of the information with the correct systems administration execution which depends on taking care of the activities relying upon the full-duplex mode. The examples of the transmission depend on the switches which are usable and the transmission depends on taking care of the association of 200 to 300 Mbps. Switches: these are for the treatment of the legitimate data tending to with the systems administration header for the bundles with the IP address. The switches can deal with the bigger system with the capacity to deal with similar conventions with the attention on the telecom stream and the steering programming arrangement. (Marchette, 2001). Switch is costly than the switch. It is for the most part because of the arrangement of the associations which are of the different gadgets for the LAN frameworks. The IP address can deal with the security of the gadget alongside taking care of the information sending to the specific goal. With this, there has been not a single firewall in sight in the switches or no transfer speed. The switches are more intricate and costly than the repeaters. This is basically because of the repeaters are mostly to deal with the transmission in the scope of a bigger separation. Where there is a patter arrangement of the transmission which is on a more drawn out separation. This is primarily to deal with the transmission of the information with the impact of the information. (Tozer, 2004). 2: a. number of address with 256*128=32768 addition length log 2128=7 For the 128 location,/25 cover. 255.255.255.128 is for bunch 1. 150.80.0.0/25 for subnet 1 150.80.0.128/25 for subnet 2 to 150.80.0.255/25 150.80.1.0/25..150.80.1.128/25 for subnet 3 thus on..subnet 100 For 200th subnet 150.80.99.128/25 till 150.80.99.255/25 The total location is 256*128=32768 used=200*128=25600 saved 7168 56 are to be doled out. next location 150.80.100.0 400 size with 16 location - cover is/28 veil or 255.255.255.240 address 512*16=8192 Addition Length 4log 216=4 subnet 1 as 150.80.128.0/28 Subnet 2 as 150.80.128.16/28 Subnet 16 as 150.80.100.240/28 Subnet 400[400/16=25] as 150.80.152.240/28 to 150.80.152.255/28 Unused 150.80.153.0 to 150.82.159.255 utilized 400*16=6400 location Saved 1792 112 can be doled out. Next location - 150.80.160.0 2000 family units,/30 cover or 255.255.255.252 address is 2048*4=8192 Addition length is 2log 24=2 and the prefix length is 32-2=30 subnet 1 as 150.80.160.0/30 Subnet 2 as 150.80.160.4/30 Subnet 16 as 150.80.160.252/64 Subnet 1984 as 150.80.160.252/30 31*64=1984 Subnet 2000 as 150.80.191.60/30 Next location 150.80.191.64 Utilized 2000*4=8000 held 192 These can be for 48 families. Staying 16384 3: R1 - N1 associate with A N2 associate with B N3 associate with C and E. R2 - N3 associate with E and C N4 associate with D N5 associate with E N6 associate with F. Subsequently, R1 is more mind boggling than R2. There are N1, N2, N3, N4, N5, and N6 arrange. 4: The separation vector steering depends on taking care of the littler systems administration framework which will be founded on taking care of the scale up with the more significant levels of the CPU and the use. There have been bounce counters for the assurance of the way which is suitable to the treatment of the source and the goal. (Martin et al., 1994). The working depends on the association with the various updates and the occasional issues, with the start to finish perceivability approach for the data to be conveyed to the distinctive inclined zones. With the connection state directing, the innovation has had the option to chip away at the tasks which can arrange the framework approach and the upkeep. The examples are essentially to deal with the NLSP where there is a need to ascertain the best and the short way for the treatment of the bundle framework. (Gamma, 1995). There has been usage set for the techniques which are predominantly to control and successfully handle the timespan which will have the option to multicast the framework just as the updates to different neighbors. (Slowing down, 1998). 5: ICMP depends on the treatment of the information where there is a need to take a shot at the portals with the buffering examples to deal with the headings. (Perkins et al., 1995). According to the IP address, there is certainly not an appropriate dependability on the controlled input of the framework. This depends on taking care of the arrangement alongside appropriately arranging and controlling the various systems for the unwavering quality. This is coordinated to deal with the examples where the ICMP is for the most part for the non-sending of the messages. (Vasilakos et al., 2016). The limit with respect to the systems administration examples will be through the sending of the datagrams which will have the option to deal with the sending of the traffic framework according to the premise of the switch. Through this, it is anything but difficult to deal with and take a shot at the various examples which incorporates the TTL messages alongside the termination subtleties. (Shang et al., 2016). References Hassan, M., Jain, R. (2003).High execution TCP/IP networking(Vol. 29). Prentice Hall. Marchette, D. J. (2001). TCP/IP Networking. InComputer Intrusion Detection and Network Monitoring(pp. 3-42). Springer New York. Tozer, E. P. J. (2004). TCP/IP Networking.Broadcast Engineer's Reference Book, 61. Martin, J., Leben, J. (1994).TCP/IP organizing: design, organization, and programming. Prentice-Hall, Inc.. Gamma, E. (1995).Design examples: components of reusable item arranged programming. Pearson Education India. Stallings, W. (1998). Rapid networks.TCP/IP and ATM Design Principles, Upper SaddleRiver, NJ, Prenti c eHall, In c. Perkins, C. E., Jagannadh, T. (1995, July). DHCP for portable systems administration with TCP/IP. InComputers and Communications, 1995. Procedures., IEEE Symposium on(pp. 255-261). IEEE. Vasilakos, A. V., Zhang, Y., Spyropoulos, T. (Eds.). (2016).Delay open minded systems: Protocols and applications. CRC press. Shang, W., Yu, Y., Droms, R., Zhang, L. (2016).Challenges in IoT Networking by means of TCP/IP Architecture. NDN Project, Tech. Rep. NDN-0038.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix - Essay Example Presentation Despite the perceivability of the uterine cervix by way clinical assessment, cervical disease is positioned second among malignants of neoplasm influencing the female populace globaly after the bosom disease, which speaks to 12% when contrasted with a wide range of malignancy. In the creating nations of Africa, Latin America, Central and South-East Asia, disease of the uterine cervix leads other tumor malignants. Squamous dysplasia which is likewise truncated as CIN is a range of intraepithelial changes of vague areas that begins with tranquil atypia and creates through phases of particularly checked intraepithelial distortions to carcinoma in situ. The scope of classes and structures focuses on an illness assortment however not isolated ailment substances. They are forerunner sores to diligent squamous cell carcinoma. Dysplasia is a conceivably unalterable change encapsulated by an increase in mitotic rate, an atypical cytological component which is by shape, size, atom ic appearance and unusual association that may be by cellularity,2 separation or potentially extremity that miss the mark regarding premalignant change. In many examples, dysplasia may create to malignancy or potentially dysplastic changes may be set up nearest to foci of tumor. 3. Clinical highlights The qualities of CIN gashes are white fixes that show up on the cervix going before an utilization of acidic corrosive around the cervix. Unmistakable vascular examples can be noted on colposcopic evaluation of the cervix in taking off evaluation CIN. Gashes show up on the frontal lip twice as ordinarily as the ensuing lip. These can be found in the change regions and zones around squamous metaplasia at the endocervix. This may stop in a flash at the crossing point with the local bit squamous epithelium, anyway this can proceed with all in all endocervical section. Usually the piece of CIN on the portio zone is second rate CIN 1 while the bit that widens into the endocervical section i s high evaluation CIN 2 and 3. Clinical markers show that carcinoma manifestations rely upon the size and period of the tumor. Those patients who have irregularities limited to the cervix are generally asymptomatic and are handily identified because of strange Pap smear result. Then again, patients with clinically prominent tumors present different degrees of strange dying. At a beginning time injuries may be indurate or ulcerated while all the more profoundly created tumors structure exophytic fungating adequate or potentially endophytic ulcerated or even infiltrative parts able to deliver a developed cervix that is hard or barrel-molded. Picture indicating a ulcerated fungating carcinoma on the cervix Uncharacteristic cell engendering, development and atypia depict CIN. Atomic disfigurement is the trait of 3CIN and incorporates pleomorphism, hyperchromasia, strange chromatin conveyance, and unpredictable fringes. These atomic distortions proceed with completely through the epithel ium regardless of development of cytoplasmic towards the outside. All things considered, mitotic rate is enhanced and irregular mitotic highlights may be noted. 4. Pathology Grossly, squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix is typically described by central or release polypoid gel of the endometrium by delicate, friable, dark white fiber. Enormous tumors may shape blended tissue developments to involve the endometrial cavity. Assaults of the basic myometrium as well as attack of the cervix may be noted.

Top 5 Essay Topics For Your Senior Year

Top 5 Essay Topics For Your Senior YearResearching the top five essay topics for your senior year is a key component to get that much needed high grade. One of the best ways to do this is by brainstorming with some of your friends and choosing a topic that you think would be suitable. Then you can join in on their discussions to see what others have come up with. You can even hire a consultant who will be able to come up with the most suitable one for you.For most of us, it's usually at this time that we are most ready to write our essays. One of the most common reasons for this is because of all the pressure that students seem to be under at this time. We are usually very anxious about getting a good grade and we really don't want to fail. It's a very good reason to be so anxious about our essays, especially when the essay topics are so important. So get ready to get as much work done as possible because there is no time like the present.Another good reason for writing a lot of essa ys in the time before exam time is because you don't have much time. You may not even have time to review the paper before you start getting ready for that test. It's best to be prepared because most tests are scored very quickly. So you need to spend as much time as possible working on your papers.Of course, this brings up another issue: how to get enough time to write your essays. Fortunately, there are several ways that you can use to get more time to get your projects done. The easiest and fastest way is to use a computer. And the best thing about using a computer is that it allows you to keep your writing time at the computer rather than spread it out all over your life.When you work from home, you often have a lot of time to kill. You haveeverything in front of you and the only thing you have to worry about is how to get things done. Some people prefer to leave the computer running while they work. Others find that being able to go online and type in information is helpful in their research. Either way, it helps them to make the most of their time.Whatever way you choose to use to get your work done, be sure to take your time doing it. Too many cramming sessions can also get your grades down. The better that you can take your time, the better that you will feel about the essays you are writing. This in turn will help to get you prepared for the next time that you are required to do this sort of writing. Without enough preparation, you will get so tired that you won't be able to write anything at all.Finding the top five essay topics for your senior year can be a challenge but that doesn't mean that you shouldn't attempt to come up with some ideas. Just take your time, talk to others, and have a lot of fun to help you through your homework and finally get that perfect grade.

Smoking The heart breaker - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 14 Words: 4260 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Health Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Introduction Medical innovations and rapidly evolving technology has led to a decrease in the rate of mortality from diseases. However, the fast and constantly changing hectic lifestyle of today has led to the introduction of new diseases, unhealthy lifestyle and early, premature deaths. Today s technology has provided us with the benefits of early detection and preventive treatments and answers to some of the previously incurable diseases. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Smoking: The heart breaker" essay for you Create order But it has brought in increased stress and unhealthy eating and other habits that have in some ways caused more harm than benefit. This report titled  Smoking: The Heart Breaker is a look at the current situation of coronary heart diseases caused by smoking, relevant legislations, policies and practices, strategies to deal with the situation and future of the disease at local, national and global levels. The report will start by discussing the smoking and coronary heart disease as a public health issue and the reasons for concern. It will provide a background to help better understand the present situation along with an epidemiology of the disease and its causes, with special reference to smoking. It will then go on to report about the legislative policies and strategies that are being currently undertaken in the region of Burnley, East Lancashire to counter this particular health issue. The report will also discuss the policies and initiatives and the status of the health issue at national and global level, so as to provide a complete and holistic picture of the seriousness of the health issue. Finally the report will discuss the current strategies being employed by the government as well as non-government agencies to tackle the health issue. Recommendations will also be made to help make an improvement in the current situation. Public Health Issue: Coronary Heart Disease due to Smoking The term  Coronary heart disease is used to describe a condition of blockage or interruption of blood supply to the heart due to build-up of fatty substances in the coronary arteries (NHS, 2009). This build-up (called atheroma) can lead to insufficient supply of blood to the heart causing pain in the chest known as angina. A completely blocked artery can lead to a heart attack (called myocardial infarction) (NHS, 2009). There are various mild to critical impacts of this condition that even result in death. According to the British Heart Foundation Statistics (2009), diseases related to the heart and circulatory issues are the biggest cause of deaths in the UK, resulting in over 90,000 deaths in the UK in a year. This has resulted in not only raised concerns about the disease but also growing efforts to increase the awareness about the disease, its causes, and preventive as well as precautionary measures that can help to avoid the disease. The situation isn t any brighter in othe r parts of the world. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), the majority of countries around the world are affected by coronary heart disease and the disease is a major killer, especially in developing and transitional countries of the world. In a WHO report, cardiovascular diseases including coronary heart disease is considered to be the leading cause of death and is projected to increase from 17.1 million in 2004 to 23.4 million in 2030 (WHO, 2004). Among the various causes of coronary heart disease, smoking is regarded to be one of the primary causes. According to the WHO report, tobacco-related deaths are expected to rise from 5.4 million in 2004 to 8.3 million in 2030, representing 10% of all global deaths; and smoking has been associated to cardiovascular diseases and subsequent deaths (WHO, 2004). According to a study conducted in 2008, smoking is the leading cause of cardiovascular diseases including coronary heart disease (Bullen, 2008). Though increasing ag e has been thought as a cause of coronary heart disease, two studies have found that improper lifestyle, stress, etc are increasing the mortality rates due to coronary heart disease among the young population in the UK, USA and Australia (Nemetz, Roger Ransom, 2008) (Ford Capewell, 2007). Therefore, the growing concern for this disease and its preventable yet common cause is the choice of topic for this report. Background and Epidemiology Cardiovascular diseases including coronary heart disease have been found to be an unbiased killer that can create havoc in any society irrespective of its economic, political, cultural, religious, regional or racial identity. Similarly, tobacco smoking (either active or passive) is known to be a major cause of many diseases including the coronary heart disease. Given the stressful lifestyle in today s world, many people take up smoking to tackle the stress levels and in the process get addicted. They not only harm themselves but also people around them. The region of Burnley in East Lancashire, is no exception to this trend. Being witness to many friends and family members taking up smoking in the name of relieving stress and then getting addicted and finally ending up suffering from diseases, especially coronary heart disease inspired the choice of topic for this report. There are several causes that can result in coronary heart disease. The NHS lists smoking as the major caus e of the disease (NHS, 2009). The various other causes of coronary heart disease have been listed as high blood pressure, high level of cholesterol in blood, presence of thrombosis and / or diabetes unhealthy lifestyle with no regular exercise, obesity and a family history of angina and / or heart attack (which are hereditary) (Nemetz et al, 2008). The risk factors associated with coronary heart diseases which cannot be treated, modified or changed include age, gender and heredity (or race). Increasing age increases the risks of coronary heart disease and fatality from it. Men are found to be at a greater risk of suffering from coronary heart disease in comparison to women (Wells, 1999). Heredity of coronary disease or its causes such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and cholesterol are also known to create risks of coronary heart conditions. The causes such as smoking, high level of cholesterol in blood, high blood pressure, physical inactivity, being overweight and / or obesity a nd diabetes (diabetes mellitus) are some of the risk factors of coronary heart disease that can be modified, changed and controlled by taking medication and / or by adopting a healthy lifestyle. Other risk factors and causes of the disease include stress and alcohol addiction and can in certain circumstances prove to be fatal causes of the coronary heart disease (Ewles Simnet, 2003). Comparative data of the effects of coronary heart disease in different countries do not provide a very positive picture (see appendix 1). According to a World Health Organisation survey report, the mortality from cardiovascular diseases in 2002 for the developed nations like the United Kingdom and the United States was higher than many other developing nations like China, India, even Nigeria (WHO, 2002). It is clear from the data, that developing countries have a much higher mortality rate from cardiovascular and consequently coronary heart diseases in the developed countries like UK, USA, Germany; and an important fact to notice is that the death rate is higher in the European region in comparison to other regions of the world. This most probably can be attributed to the excessive use of tobacco, alcohol, improper lifestyle that increases stress levels, improper eating habits that leads to blood sugar and cholesterol in the blood. The tobacco usage in different countries around the world also points towards the grimness and enormity of the situation, through which one can appreciate the risk of tobacco causing further deaths due to coronary heart disease (WHO, 2008). The WHO report on tobacco consumption in different countries show that despite government initiatives and regulations, the tobacco consumption has mostly increased and has led to increased mortality especially in the age groups between 25-45 years. Though coronary heart disease is of global nature without any kind of boundary, various specific groups of people are in greater risk of having the disease in co mparison to others. The affinity to having coronary heart disease is dependent on factors such as geography, heredity, age and gender. Men are at an increased risk of suffering from coronary heart conditions as compared to women (Wells, 1999). Increase in age increases the chances of suffering from coronary heart disease (DoH, 2004). Coronary heart conditions are also known to be prevalent among Mexican Americans, some Asian Americans, American Indians, and Native Hawaiians (American Heart Association, 2010). England is one of the most vulnerable nations in Europe when it comes to coronary heart diseases (NHS, 2009). Populations in developing and underdeveloped nations of the world too are at a higher risk of suffering from coronary heart disease and related fatalities (American Heart Association, 2010). Smokers, obese people and people with high blood cholesterol are also included in the high risk group for coronary heart disease. Female smokers are more susceptible to the disease especially with increased age since females are more susceptible to the dangers of smoking in comparison to men (WHO, 2002). With increased impact of aggressive and unhealthy lifestyle and stress, the young population across the developed nations of the world too are increasingly coming under the risk of coronary heart disease (NHS, 2008). Therefore, these risk factors result in the coronary heart disease taking on a pandemic nature if certain precautionary and preventive measures are not taken to control the risk factors that can be influenced. Strategies, Policies and Initiatives Given the growing concern about coronary heart diseases, deaths due to the disease and the impact on the younger population, government agencies around the world are taking steps to combat the growing menace. Non-governmental and private agencies too are joining the efforts to promote a healthy lifestyle and awareness about preventive techniques that can help to bring down the risks associated with the disease and the rising cases of fatalities. This section of the report looks at the strategies, agenda, policies, that are being undertaken at the local (NHS East Lancashire, 2010), national and global levels to combat coronary heart disease. Local Public Health In East Lancashire, several workshops and other programmes have been undertaken to increase awareness, educate and help the residents of the area give up smoking and adopt a healthy lifestyle that will help prevent and fight coronary heart disease. The MPs in the region are encouraging antismoking legislations and policies being adopted by the authorities. The NHS has introduced the concept of smoke free zones. The SMYL programme is promoting healthy lifestyle and eating habits (NHS East Lancashire, 2010). Another campaign called  Could it be you was also started in 2008 to help people fight coronary heart disease and adopt healthy and preventive lifestyle (Chime Communications Plc, 2008). The authorities in East Lancashire have also collaborated with different agencies to start networks that can promote anti tobacco campaign and raise awareness on coronary heart disease (NHS Networks, 2010). This involvement of the government as well as non-government agencies in the area, one c an be hopeful that headway will be made into the matter. However, it is important that the public realise the criticality of the situation and take advantages of the programmes being undertaken to have a long, healthy and disease free life. Implications at the National Level The National Heart Forum (2006) indicated that heart diseases cost the UK around  £29 billion per year and was termed as  economic burden . There are several programmes that have been taken up by the health care authorities and the government in collaboration with non-government agencies to promote anti smoking habits in the country. Several regional programmes such as Bolsover  Teenage Smoking Programme, Corby  Smoking Cessation Programme, Halton  Smoke-Free Programme, London Borough of Tower Hamlets  Tobacco Control Alliance, Pendle  Smoke-free Council, Heartbeat Awards, the GO Smokefree Campaign, etc have been launched in an earnest to curb the growing effect of smoking in the country (IDeA, 2009). Several governmental legislations have also been put into place (IDeA, 2007). The Department of Health has also started programmes such as Start4Life, 5 A Day, National Support Teams and Let s Get Moving to promote healthy lifestyle that can help to prevent coronary heart di sease (DoH, 2010). Therefore the various government and nongovernment agencies in UK are making effort to control smoking habit and improve lifestyle of the citizens of the country thereby ensuring a brighter future free from smoking and coronary heart disease. Global Health The fight against smoking and coronary heart disease has taken enormous proportions with the growing realisation that these are two of the most important killers in the world today. Especially, the understanding that smoking causes diseases such as the coronary heart disease not only in the smoker but also in non-smokers who have been in the presence of smokers, has led major organisations and developed nations of the world to taking a stand against smoking. The  Work with Heart project by WHO is helping to spread the message of preventive actions that can help in prohibiting coronary heart disease and other cardiovascular diseases (WHO, 2010a). WHO has also taken up research and global partnership initiatives to help the developing countries of the world fight cardiovascular diseases (WHO, 2010b). Furthermore, WHO has aligned with several countries in the world to promote regional activities under the global strategy to counter cardiovascular diseases which includes America, Eas tern Mediterranean, Africa, South-East Asia, European region and Western Pacific (WHO, 2010c). To help fight the smoking addiction growing among countries, WHO has set up the Global Tobacco Surveillance System (GTSS) (WHO, 2010d) and is also collaborating with different international organisations such as the United Nations and the governments of various countries to help campaign against sale and use of tobacco among different nations (WHO, 2010e). Recommendations and Conclusion Upon analysing the current situation on a local, national and global basis, the following recommendations can be made: Initiatives to prevent coronary heart disease and promote anti smoking habits need to be undertaken at the grass root level, i.e. at local level. This will make the initiatives and campaigns more effective. The developing nations such as India, Brazil and China need to be targeted with confidence. Further researches into preventive and curative medicines and technologies for coronary heart diseases need to be promoted. Healthy lifestyle needs to be promoted at every level since preventive practices are more beneficial than curative ones. It is important to realise that despite several initiatives being taken by local, national and global agencies and governments, smoking trends are increasing around the world and has started to affect the young population. Coronary heart disease too has started to take its toll on the population around the world due to the hectic and unhealthy lifestyles that have come to permeate people s lives. It is highly essential that for the success of the initiatives and programmes, people must be involved in them and everyone across the globe has to realise that simple changes to their lifestyle, eating habits and anti smoking measures will help to fight and prevent coronary heart disease. The changes in lifestyle will also bring down coronary heart disease caused due to other factors such as stress, alcohol, blood sugar and cholesterol. To conclude, it can be stated that prevention is better than cure and quitting smoking and leading a healthy lifestyle can protect everyone from the sile nt killer, the coronary heart disease (Ewles Simnet, 2003). References American Heart Association (2010) Risk Factors and Coronary Heart Disease [Online] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at https://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4726 ASH (2009) Ash facts at a glance: Implementation of the Smoke-free Law in England, Wales and Northern Ireland [Online] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at https://www.ash.org.uk/files/documents/ASH_594.pdf Ash (2007) Ash facts at a glance: Smoking and Diseases [Online] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at https://www.ash.org.uk/files/documents/ASH_94.pdf Ash (2010) Ash facts at a glance: Smoking Statistics [Online] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at https://www.ash.org.uk/files/documents/ASH_93.pdf Ash (2010) Ash facts at a glance: Tobacco Economics [Online] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at https://www.ash.org.uk/files/documents/ASH_95.pdf Ash (2009) Ash facts at a glance: Tobacco Regulations [Online] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at https://www.ash.org.uk/files/documents/ASH_96.pdf Bri tish Heart Foundation Statistics Website (2009) Mortality [Online] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at https://www.heartstats.org/topic.asp?id=17 Bullen, C. (July, 2008). Impact of Tobacco Smoking and Smoking Cessation on Cardiovascular Risk and Disease. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy, Vol. 6, No. 6, pp. 883-895. Chime Communications Plc (2008) East Lancashire PCT Enlists BMT to Develop a Campaign to Tackle the Region s Biggest Killer [Online] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at https://www.chime.plc.uk/press-releases/bmt-launches-east-lancashire-pct-campaign-could-it-be-you Department of Health (DoH) (2010) Public Health [Online] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at https://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publichealth/index.htm Department of Health (DoH) (2004) The National Service Framework for Coronary Heart Disease: Wining the War on Heart Disease [Online] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at https://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndG uidance/DH_4077154 Ewles L, Simnett I. (2003). Promoting Health: A Practical Guide. London: Balliere Tindall. Ford, E. S. Capewell, S. (2007) Coronary Heart Disease Mortality Among Young Adults in the U.S. from 1980 Through 2002. Concealed Levelling of Mortality Rates Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 50, pp. 2128-2132. Improvement and Development Agency (IDeA) (2009) Smoking [Online] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at https://www.idea.gov.uk/idk/core/page.do?pageId=5889940 Improvement and Development Agency (IDeA) (2007) Smoke-free Legislation [Online] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at https://www.idea.gov.uk/idk/core/page.do?pageId=6166044 National Health Service (NHS) (2009) Health A-Z: Coronary Heart Disease [Online] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/Coronary-heart-disease/Pages/Introduction.aspx National Health Service (NHS) (2008) Rates of Heart Disease in the Young [Online] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at https://www.nhs.uk/news/2007/January08/Pages/Ratesofheartdiseaseintheyoung.asp National Heart Forum (2006) Economic Cost of Heart Disease [Online] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at https://www.heartforum.org.uk/AboutCHD_Economicburden.aspx Nemetz, P. N., Roger, V. L., Ransom, J. E., Bailer, K. R., Edwards, W. D., Leibson, C. L. (2008) Recent Trends in the Prevalence of Coronary Disease: A Population-Based Autopsy Study of Non-natural Deaths Archival of Internal Medicine Vol. 168, No. 3, pp. 264-270. NHS East Lancashire (2010) SMYL If you want to live longer [Online] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at https://www.smyl.eastlancspct.nhs.uk/welcome/ NHS Networks (2010) East Lancashire Public Health Network [Online] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at https://www.networks.nhs.uk/networks.php?pid=727 Smoke Free (2007) Smoke-free Legislation Compliance Data [Online] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at https://www.smokefreeengland.co.uk/files/dhs01_03-smokefree_report_final.pd f Wells, A. J. (1999) Passive Smoking and Coronary Heart Disease New England Journal of Medicine Vol. 341, No. 9, pp.697-698. World Health Organisation (WHO) (2004) Causes of Death (part 2). The Global Burden of Disease: 2004 Update [Online] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at https://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_part2.pdf World Health Organisation (WHO) (2010a) Cardiovascular Diseases: Key messages to protect heart health [Online] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at https://www.who.int/cardiovascular_diseases/en/ World Health Organisation (WHO) (2002) Global Burden of Disease in 2002: Data Sources, Methods and Results [Online] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at https://apps.who.int/infobase/compare.aspx?dm=10countries=818%2c250%2c414%2c484%2c554%2c566%2c643%2c710%2c826%2c840year=2002sf1=mo.cg.059sex=all World Health Organisation (WHO) (2010d) Global Information System on Tobacco Control [Online] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at h ttps://www.who.int/tobacco/global_data/en/index.html World Health Organisation (WHO) (2010e) Global Network [Online] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at https://www.who.int/tobacco/global_interaction/en/ World Health Organisation (WHO) (2010c) Regional Activities to the Global CVD Strategy [Online] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at https://www.who.int/cardiovascular_diseases/region/en/ World Health Organisation (WHO) (2010b) Research and Global Partnership Initiatives [Online] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at https://www.who.int/cardiovascular_diseases/research/en/ World Health Organisation (WHO) (2008) Tobacco Use: Infobase [Online] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at https://apps.who.int/infobase/report.aspx?rid=116dm=8 Bibliography American Heart Association (2010) Risk Factors and Coronary Heart Disease [Online] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at https://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4726 Ash (2007) Ash facts at a glance: Smoking and Diseases [Online] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at https://www.ash.org.uk/files/documents/ASH_94.pdf ASH (2009) Ash facts at a glance: Implementation of the Smoke-free Law in England, Wales and Northern Ireland [Online] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at https://www.ash.org.uk/files/documents/ASH_594.pdf Ash (2009) Ash facts at a glance: Tobacco Regulations [Online] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at https://www.ash.org.uk/files/documents/ASH_96.pdf Ash (2010) Ash facts at a glance: Smoking Statistics [Online] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at https://www.ash.org.uk/files/documents/ASH_93.pdf Ash (2010) Ash facts at a glance: Tobacco Economics [Online] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at https://www.ash.org.uk/files/documents/ASH_95.pdf Bri tish Heart Foundation Statistics Website (2009) Mortality [Online] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at https://www.heartstats.org/topic.asp?id=17 Bullen, C. (July, 2008). Impact of Tobacco Smoking and Smoking Cessation on Cardiovascular Risk and Disease. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy, Vol. 6, No. 6, pp. 883-895. Chime Communications Plc (2008) East Lancashire PCT Enlists BMT to Develop a Campaign to Tackle the Region s Biggest Killer [Online] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at https://www.chime.plc.uk/press-releases/bmt-launches-east-lancashire-pct-campaign-could-it-be-you Department of Health (DoH) (2004) The National Service Framework for Coronary Heart Disease: Wining the War on Heart Disease [Online] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at https://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/DH_4077154 Department of Health (DoH) (2010) Public Health [Online] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at https://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publ ichealth/index.htm Ewles L, Simnett I. (2003). Promoting Health: A Practical Guide. London: Balliere Tindall. Ford, E. S. Capewell, S. (2007) Coronary Heart Disease Mortality Among Young Adults in the U.S. from 1980 Through 2002. Concealed Levelling of Mortality Rates Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 50, pp. 2128-2132. Hill, S. Blakely, T., Kawachi, I., Woodward, A. (2004) Mortality Among  Never Smokers Living with Smokers: Two Cohort Studies British Medical Journal Vol. 328, No. 7446, pp. 988-989. Improvement and Development Agency (IDeA) (2007) Smoke-free Legislation [Online] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at https://www.idea.gov.uk/idk/core/page.do?pageId=6166044 Improvement and Development Agency (IDeA) (2009) Smoking [Online] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at https://www.idea.gov.uk/idk/core/page.do?pageId=5889940 Jiang, H.E., Vupputuri, S., Allen, K., Prerost, M. R., Hughes, J., Whelton, P. K. (1999) Passive Smoking and the Risk of Coro nary Heart Disease  A Meta Analysis of Epidemiological Studies New England Journal of Medicine Vol. 340, No. 12, pp. 920-926. Kaur, S., Cohen, A., Dolor, R., Coffman, C.J., Bastian, L.A. (2004) The Impact of Environmental Tobacco Smoke on Women s Risk of Dying from Heart Disease: A Meta Analysis Journal of Women s Health Vol. 13, No. 8, pp. 888-897. National Health Service (NHS) (2008) Rates of Heart Disease in the Young [Online] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at https://www.nhs.uk/news/2007/January08/Pages/Ratesofheartdiseaseintheyoung.asp National Health Service (NHS) (2009) Health A-Z: Coronary Heart Disease [Online] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/Coronary-heart-disease/Pages/Introduction.aspx National Heart Forum (2006) Economic Cost of Heart Disease [Online] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at https://www.heartforum.org.uk/AboutCHD_Economicburden.aspx Nemetz, P. N., Roger, V. L., Ransom, J. E., Bailer, K. R., Edwards, W. D., L eibson, C. L. (2008) Recent Trends in the Prevalence of Coronary Disease: A Population-Based Autopsy Study of Non-natural Deaths Archival of Internal Medicine Vol. 168, No. 3, pp. 264-270. NHS East Lancashire (2010) SMYL If you want to live longer [Online] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at https://www.smyl.eastlancspct.nhs.uk/welcome/ NHS Networks (2010) East Lancashire Public Health Network [Online] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at https://www.networks.nhs.uk/networks.php?pid=727 Smoke Free (2007) Smoke-free Legislation Compliance Data [Online] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at https://www.smokefreeengland.co.uk/files/dhs01_03-smokefree_report_final.pdf Wells, A. J. (1999) Passive Smoking and Coronary Heart Disease New England Journal of Medicine Vol. 341, No. 9, pp.697-698. Whincup, P. H., Gilg, J. A., Emberson, J. R., Jarvis, M. J., Feyerabend, C., Bryant, A., Wakler, M., Cook, D. G. ( 2004) Passive Smoking and Risk of Coronary Disease and Stroke: Prospective S tudy with Cotinine Measurement British Medical Journal Vol. 329, No. 7459, pp. 200-205. World Health Organisation (WHO) (2002) Global Burden of Disease in 2002: Data Sources, Methods and Results [Online] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at https://apps.who.int/infobase/compare.aspx?dm=10countries=818%2c250%2c414%2c484%2c554%2c566%2c643%2c710%2c826%2c840year=2002sf1=mo.cg.059sex=all World Health Organisation (WHO) (2004) Causes of Death (part 2). The Global Burden of Disease: 2004 Update [Online] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at https://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_part2.pdf World Health Organisation (WHO) (2008)Tobacco Use: Infobase [Online] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at https://apps.who.int/infobase/report.aspx?rid=116dm=8 World Health Organisation (WHO) (2010a) Cardiovascular Diseases: Key messages to protect heart health [Online] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at https://www.who.int/cardiovascular_diseases/en/ World Heal th Organisation (WHO) (2010b) Research and Global Partnership Initiatives [Online] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at https://www.who.int/cardiovascular_diseases/research/en/ World Health Organisation (WHO) (2010c) Regional Activities to the Global CVD Strategy [Online] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at https://www.who.int/cardiovascular_diseases/region/en/ World Health Organisation (WHO) (2010d) Global Information System on Tobacco Control [Online] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at https://www.who.int/tobacco/global_data/en/index.html World Health Organisation (WHO) (2010e) Global Network [Online] last accessed 2nd December 2009 at https://www.who.int/tobacco/global_interaction/en/

Malcolm X A Man Who Changed American History - 1453 Words

Malcolm X The Autobiography of Malcolm X as told by Alex Haley is the story about a man who greatly impacted American history. Malcolm Little, or Malcolm X as he is more widely known, taught what he believed in regards to segregation, racism, and discrimination. Growing up in a large family with a father Earl Little, a Baptist minister, and his mother Louis Little who was a homemaker, Malcolm’s life at the time seemed very promising. His father’s involvement in support of the Black National gained him many death threats at the hands of white supremacists. In 1929, they lost their house to a fire, and two years later the body of Malcolm’s father was found mutilated. This lead to the emotional breakdown of Malcolm’s mother and in turn she was institutionalized. Malcolm and his siblings were separated and placed in foster homes, and from then, his life began a path of drugs, sex, and crime. It was not until he was imprisoned in 1946, that he decided to make some chang es for the better. This essay will assess and discuss those changes whether negative or positive, on a micro, mezzo, and macro level. It will also cover some of the effects of racial prejudice on human behavior, and how society today keeps the ideology of Malcolm X alive. Malcolm X on the micro level involves interactions with many individuals throughout his life. From his parents and siblings, to girlfriends and his wife, and even those he met in prison and after prison, they all playedShow MoreRelatedMalcom Xs Impacts on History Essay778 Words   |  4 Pages† were once words spoken from a man greatly known in the African American community. This man was Malcolm X. An expressive public speaker, with a charismatic personality, and an untiring organizer, Malcolm X expressed the pent up anger, frustration, and bitterness of African Americans during the major phase of the civil rights movement from 1955 to 1965. Malcolm X spoke of a violent revolution, which would bring about radical change for the black race, while a man with the name of Martin Luther KingRead MoreMalcolm X was a Symbol of the Civil Rights Movement1573 Words   |  6 Pagesto those who prepare for it today.† Malcolm X The 1920’s, or the â€Å"Roaring Twenties†, was a time in American history described as the â€Å"Wild West†. Prohibition brought controversy and anarchy to the once civilized American society, with mobs and gangs at the peak of their power with leaders such as Al Capone supplying alcohol and guns to the public. This was also a time of heightened racial segregation, with boundaries being set such as only white bathrooms and schools. Malcolm (X) Little wasRead MoreMalcolm X : A Influential Figure Of The Nation Of Islam1497 Words   |  6 Pagesleader, Malcolm X fought for equal rights for African Americans. He viewed civil rights differently than most civil rights activists; this is why when he is talked about, there are mixed emotions. Many know of Martin Luther King Junior’s standpoints and highlighted moments, but less know of the many accomplishments that Malcolm X had as well. He sometimes came off harsh to the public, because non-violence was the tac tic used for other advocates. Also a former member of the Nation of Islam, Malcolm X developedRead More Autobiography of malcolm x Essay921 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"The Autobiography of Malcolm X† by Alex Haley â€Å"Were not Americans. Were Africans who happen to be in America. We were kidnapped and brought here against our will from Africa. We didnt land on Plymouth Rock--that rock landed on us.† (Lord, Thornton, and Bodipo-Memba, 1992) Words like those above would engrave Malcolm X into the minds of Americans from all racial backgrounds and socio-economic classes. Malcolm X was certainly not one to mince words. America would come to remember him as â€Å"TheRead MoreSteve Biko vs. Malcolm X1722 Words   |  7 PagesMalcolm X and Steve Biko Black Consciousness Malcolm X and Steve Biko were one of the two most preeminent leaders in world history. These men changed lives and stood up for millions of Africans and African Americans during their short lives. These two men lived by a saying â€Å"black is beautiful†. They also believed that black people in the United States as well as Africans mainly in South Africa deserved the same rights and equality as any other man in the world. They lived through the rough eraRead MoreThe Autobiography of Malcolm X Essay1301 Words   |  6 Pages Malcolm X is an extremely critical figure that contributed in shaping American social life. He was a famous man who articulated the struggle, anger, and beliefs of African Americans. He was a radical man who fought for change despite the situation. His struggle for equality for the black nation landed him in prison. While in prison, Malcolm was able to study, and earned a college degree. However, most importantly while in prison, Malcolm X was introduced to the Islam faith by one of the prisonersRead MoreThe Autobiography Of Malcolm X1701 Words   |  7 Pagesautobiography of Malcolm X. Malcolm X was one of the most controversial Men in American history. I’m familar with the name Malcolm X however, I’m not familliar with the works and background of Malcolm X. This is why I choose to read the autobiography of Malcolm X written by himself and Alex Haley. Which gives the read an insight on his background, beliefs, and the American society then. I believe that many people including myself have misunderstood Malcolm X. I believe that Malcolm X is misunderstoodRead MoreDr. Ben Carson As A Leader Of A Nation1638 Words   |  7 Pagesexperience. Carson grew up as a poor, African American boy in Detroit. However, he overcame his disadvantaged circumstances, became a respected neurosurgeon, and is currently running on the Republican ballot for the United States’ presidential election in 2016. Despite this, some question his ability to lead a nation, considering his lack of political background. Indeed, Carson currently faces issues similar to past leaders in the black community, such as Malcolm X, whose leadership was questioned as theyRead MoreThe Death Before Disunity : Malcolm X, Civil Rights Activist And Muslim Leader1173 Words   |  5 PagesDeath before Disunity Malcolm X, Civil Rights activist and Muslim leader, was an advocate of unity by all means necessary. Throughout history, people have often pondered what X intended to obtain before his tragic death at the hands of Talmadge Hayer, Norman 3X Butler, and Thomas 15X Johnson (â€Å"Biography†). Several people downplay X’s achievements in comparison to the accomplishments of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Majority of activists such as Mohandas Gandhi, Rosa Parks, and Cesar Chavez are notoriousRead More Malcolm X Essay1737 Words   |  7 PagesMalcolm X The fifties and sixties were a crazy time to live; riots were happening, many Civil Rights Movement leaders were speaking in the streets, and student sit-ins were held. Many radical activists were preaching their thoughts on racism and things needed for equality. Some people felt it necessary to turn the other cheek to violence while others claimed it to be a right to defend themselves. The major figures in the Civil Rights Movement had their own opinions on how to equalize society.

George Bush Essay Paper Example For Students

George Bush Essay Paper George W. Bush#9;Politics have been the family business for more than one family in the United States. The familiar family of several generations is the Kennedy family who remains in the political spotlight for fifty-three years and running. As Elizabeth Dole attempts to gain the Republican nomination for the 2000 presidential race she hopes to continue the forty-nine year Dole family streak. Coming close to twenty-five years in politics Bill Clinton prepares to turn the scepter over to Hillary Clinton as she prepares for a possible seat in the United States Senate. Perhaps the most interesting dynasties are those carried on by father-son teams. Both John Adams and John Quincy Adams were United States Presidents. It also appears as though former President George Bush may be able to watch one of his two Governor sons take the presidential oath in the near future. His namesake child, the current governor of Texas, has recently announced his bid for the Republican nomination on the 2000 ballot. However, even if he makes it past the primaries it will take more than a quot;brand namequot; to win this election. According to the June 21, 1999 issue of Newsweek 65% of voters they polled still knew nothing or little of George W. Bush. #9;When looking at a possible future President of the United Sates of America it is not uncommon to start with their past and work forward to see their progress and failures. George W. Bush attended a preparatory school at Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts. Like many young men he was interested in sports and he selected to the mens basketball team at Phillips Academy. Envied by his peers the young man was chosen to be part of a team that was exclusive to the best. However young George sat on the bench that year and only played one game. The next year he opted not to try out for football and instead became the head cheerleader. He made many friends at this elite school considered to be the toughest in the country at that time. He successfully finished and the following year attended Yale. ;#9;During Georges time at Yale he barely seemed to notice his father had been elected to Congress (1966). George, quot;Wquot; as many refer to him, was not interested in any of the political organizations at the University. George W. Bush seemed to be more concerned with social matters than political matters. He knew stories about most people that would pass him by on the campus and was a fan of his schools sports teams. In the late 1960s he joined a fraternity of Delta Kappa Epsilon, a fraternity for sportsmen and those who loved to watch them. They were called Dekes. This brings about a controversy that Bush himself may have been involved in overseeing harmful hazing rituals such as branding. Both Bush and other members of the fraternity have denied these rumors. Most members say the branding was a scare tactic that never actually happened. What did happen? A close friend of Bushs at the time stated, ;quot;there was a lot of watching sports, girls, and beer drinking (Duffy).;quot; This is also where Bush had his first encounter with the law. Bush stated, ;quot; We had a little too much Christmas cheer and for some reason we really thought we needed that wreath (Duffy).;quot; George and some of the other members of the Dekes were charged with theft as a misdemeanor and the misdemeanor was later dropped. During Bushs junior year at Yale he surprised his family by announcing his engagement to a young woman from Rice University named Cathryn Wolfman. They engagement did not last long after George decided that he was too young to settle down. While attending a Princeton, Yales rival, versus Yale football game in which Yale won, George encountered his second encounter with the law. As friends were leaving the game they turned around to see young George standing in the middle of the goal posts as he and his friends tore them down on the Princeton field. The mayor of Princeton, New Jersey told the young men as punishment to leave Princeton and never return and he ha s not to this day. ;#9;After graduating Yale George moved to Houston to live at the ritzy Ch;acirc;teaux Dijon, a popular place for late baby bloomers to live in the 1970s. Not only was he changing girlfriends rapidly he was also changing jobs frequently. When he joined the Air National Guard in Texas he was criticized by many that he was allowed to override the long waiting list. The young man denied receiving any special favors from the Guard because of his fathers status. George worked in for an agriculture company at this time and then left calling the work dull and boring. He then worked for a group that mentored young minority athletes but also left that job not being fulfilled. After applying for University of Texas Law School and being denied he applied to Harvard School of Business. George W. Bush graduated from Harvard with his Masters in Business in 1975. Beijing Carvel Case Study EssayAfter George won the Governor election to Ann Hutchinson he put all of his Rangers assets in to a blind trust and did not sell the team until 1998. In 1998 he received over $14.9 million dollars for his share of the team. As a second term Governor of Texas George W. Bush has had a well-kept record. Although the governor of Texas has very little power he and legislation passed the largest tax cut in the states history. He has won praises from teachers by allowing for large teacher pay raises. Crime rate is down and although he did not back a hate-crimes bill the President Clinton urged him to sign his inclusive rhetoric and multicultural appointments have please the Hispanic and African American communities. His pulling together of political factions saying it is better to work together than to work alone has impressed many leaders of both major parties. Bush is quoted in Time magazine saying, ;quot;Im proud to be a compassionate conservative. I welcom e this label, and on this ground, will make my stand (Duffy).quot; According to the Washington Posts Governors Guide strong families, local control, individual responsibility, and limited responsibility are principles guiding Governor Bushs major initiatives. He continually states the importance of family and education in society. He says that education is his number one priority. He believes for our society to become compassionate and responsible we must first teach children to read and comprehend. According to this page he says, quot;Government is necessary, but not necessarily government.quot; His staff knows that any proposal brought before him must encourage personal responsibility, local control, and fiscal responsibility. He has encouraged a voluntary clean up program for companies and individuals to participate in that has brought back $170 million dollars in property and has created 3,000 jobs (Gov.George). Since his first term 115 older companies have reduced emissions by 100,000 each year. To make Texas a safer place he has aided in passing anti-stalking laws and no sex offender is allowed to live in Texas without registering first with local authorities. He has declared a zero tolerance for violent crimes on school grounds. If any youth is found in violation of a violent of sexually orientated law he or she must be reported to the teachers of that school and he or she pose a threat they may be placed in alternative education programs. He supports the legal drinking age of 21 and has implemented one of the nations toughest anti-youth-smoking laws. He believes in the death penalty for those who have committed quot;horriblequot; crimes. He also believes that Texas prisons are a place of work and punishment. All prisoners in Texas work either building houses for the needy, farming for food banks, making road signs, Braille books, government furniture, or laundry detergent. He also supports welfare reform, creating jobs and not dependency for those in n eed, yet his 1997 legislation passed a bill not allowing government to interfere with private charity help for these people. #9;Now Governor Bush will be able to make his stand on a national level. On June 12, 1999 Governor Bush announced he would run for the Republican nomination for President of the United States. He already has the backing of 15 Republican Governors. Even Kent Hance who beat him in the 1977 congressional elections has contributed money (Hance switched parties in 1985). Although Bush has a long way to go until the elections he is already miles ahead of the other Republicans and Democrats (Vice President Al Gore and former Senator Bill Brady) hoping to earn the nomination for his or her party. In the Republican race for presidential nomination he faces Elizabeth Dole, Dan Quayle, Steven Forbes, and John McCain. In a Time/CNN poll 55% of those polled would vote for Bush, and 42% for Al Gore, however George Bush has the Republican nominee vote 40% ahead of the runner -up, Elizabeth Dole, who has 14% of the vote according to the Time/CNN poll. Governor Bush still has a long time before the 2000 election, if he is chosen as the GOP nomination. He has matured a lot form his past and has impressed enough people in high places to earn the most money in the shortest amount of time ever in an United States presidential campaign according to June 30,1999 edition of the Corpus Christi Caller Times. According to the Caller Times Bush has earned $20 million in just four months (Van Natta A-12). Fortunate for Bush he has made a connection with many Americans and not including those who know nothing about him most like himthey just dont know why. For Bush supporters it is not the ;quot;name brand;quot; that they believe will win him the Presidency, it is the values and policies he stands for. Right now the Republican Partys worst nightmare is that if it is the name and if the name wares off their quot;school house built of straw will weaken and blow down.quot; With the aide of family, Texas governors office veterans, and his fathers o ld aides, he hopes to prove them wrong before February.

Memo regarding the current salary of the CEO

The main issue presented within the memo involves the current salary of the present CEO (James) and whether it is in line with standard salaries for CEOs within companies of the same size and within the same market as PDQ.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Memo regarding the current salary of the CEO specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The author of the memo contends that based on the performance of the company, the current average salary rate for CEOs within the industry which is $300,000 and the â€Å"supposed† fact that workers at the company dislike James that replacing the current CEO is a matter of great urgency given that his lackluster performance and high salary are detrimental towards the growth and performance of the company. Reasons given The CEO’s salary is too high During his tenure the company has experience significant drops in performance Workers at the company supposedly do not like hi m He is rich, thus he would not feel the need to work hard He has a low level of performance In order to make the company better a new CEO would be needed Ambiguous Phrases There are several ambiguous phrases that piqued my interest within the memo. The first emphasized the current wealth of the CEO as detrimental towards his performance. The second emphasized on the need to replace him despite the lack of sufficient evidence and third involved an argument involving incentivized performance and compensation which was highly ambiguous given that various studies state otherwise. Descriptive Assumptions The memo explains that it is usually the case that the average salary for a CEO within a company of PDQ’s size is $300,000 and that due to the financial crisis most companies have actually frozen or cut back on CEO salaries due to lower profits. While this particular aspect of the memo is valid, the memo takes a strange turn stating that James must be fired on the basis of his s upposedly lackluster performance (which the memo does not present sufficient evidence on), the fact that he is wealthy and would supposedly not work for the best interests of the company (similarly has no basis), the fact that the workers at the company supposedly dislike him (has not been confirmed with verifiable facts from the union) and on the fact that he has a high salary which is not commensurate with industry standards (considering the fact that it was based on a contract it should not be an issue). Fallacies in Reasoning While the memo was quite extensive in its use of a variety of statistics in order to properly frame its arguments, it made several assumptions that lacked sufficient evidence to actually prove to be accurate. First off, towards the end of the memo the author makes the following assumption regarding salaries and compensation: â€Å"everyone in the Human Resources field knows that â€Å"pay for performance† is the most effective compensation methodâ⠂¬ . The creation of this particular statement is versed in such a way so as to connote a certain degree of factual appropriateness to what was stated. This means that it was created to make people assume that â€Å"pay for performance† is the most effective method by stating that it was a well known practice within the field of human resources.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In reality studies such as those by Goh Gupta (2010) have shown that pay for performance is actually one of the least effective methods of compensation (Goh Gupta, 2010). This finding has been backed up by several other studies and shows that the author of the memo was presenting an assumption as a fact. Examining the Evidence The author of the memo connects the failing performance of the company with the supposedly lackluster performance of the CEO. This particular argument in light of the c ircumstance is rather strange given the fact that the drop in company performance coincides with the 2008 financial crisis which resulted in considerable performance drops for nearly all corporations within the U.S. The memo fails to show any solid proof of corporate mismanagement by the CEO and merely presents an assumption based on data which has been proven to be outside of the control of the CEO. Not only that, it was stated early on that the increase in the CEO’s salary was based on a pre-negotiated contract which should void any arguments regarding subsequent salary increases. While there was sufficient evidence to justify the lowering of the CEO’s salary given the financial crisis, there is insufficient evidence to justify firing him. Based on an evaluation of the presented evidence, it can be seen that it is severely lacking in terms of actually showing that the current CEO of the company should be fired and is indicative of a lack of sufficient foresight and r esearch into the performance of the CEO and largely consists of pure speculation and assumptions. Rival Causes The memo in certain sections elaborates on the need to replace the CEO with someone that is more hardworking and willing to do what is necessary. This creates the idea that the present CEO is not hardworking and is in fact lazy. This is rather ambiguous given the fact that the author of the memo fails to show any solid evidence regarding this particular fact and is evidence of a certain dislike by the author for the CEO given that he continually emphasizes firing James. Deceptive Statistics The statistics are definitely deceptive since the CEO had pre-negotiated salary increases that were not dependent on company performance. Not only that, the drop in company performance was not due to mismanagement but was a direct result of the financial crisis. The CEO should actually be commended for ensuring that the company’s performance loss was kept to a minimum. Information that has been omitted The most obvious information that has been omitted is whether or not the CEO has been doing a good job despite the adverse circumstances that the company finds itself in as a result of the financial crisis.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Memo regarding the current salary of the CEO specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There is no information whatsoever indicating factors relevant to what initiatives he has successfully employed, what cost savings measures were carried out during his tenure, how has he helped to reduce the losses of the company and how has he responded to the adverse market situation. All of this information is relevant given the arguments being presented by the author but it is in fact missing which creates a certain degree of ambiguity regarding the fairness of the way in which the CEO is being portrayed. Reasonable Conclusion that can be Derived Based on the way in which th e memo was created which emphasized on the supposedly lackluster performance of the CEO without sufficient evidence and the way in which the arguments were formulated to emphasize several negative qualities about the CEO and the need to fire him despite the fact that this was not the original intent of memo shows that the Senior HR manager has negative feelings about James and is actively attempting to have him removed despite the insufficient evidence proving the CEO’s inadequacy. Reference List Goh, L., Gupta, A. (2010). Executive Compensation, Compensation Consultants, and Shopping for Opinion: Evidence from the United Kingdom. Journal Of  Accounting, Auditing Finance, 25(4), 607-643. This essay on Memo regarding the current salary of the CEO was written and submitted by user Marisol U. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Haiti essays

Haiti essays Want to send this story to another AOL member? Click on the heart at the top of this window. PORT-AU-PRINCE, Haiti (AP) - Haitian authorities released an opposition candidate and four associates Saturday, nearly three weeks after they were arrested following regional elections, an opposition leader said. Authorities dropped charges of incitement to violence against candidate Jean Limongy and the four others, said Evans Paul of Limongy's Space for Concord five-party coalition. Limongy, a candidate for a lower house seat, and the others were arrested May 23, two days after local and legislative elections. More than 2 million Haitian voters, about 60 percent of the electorate, cast their ballots in the violence-free elections. The Lavalas Family party of former President Jean-Bertrand Aristide gained control of the upper house and was leading in most lower-house races as vote counting continued this week. Since the vote, police have arrested at least 37 opposition candidates and activists. Sixteen have been released. Space for Concord militant Laurore Noel, who was arrested with Limongy, remained in prison in Petit-Goave jail, about 35 miles southwest of the capital, Paul said. On Wednesday, three candidates projected as the winners for seats on the Port-au-Prince city council under Aristide's Lavalas Family banner were arrested on charges of having false police identification cards. Elections for legislative seats in Haiti's troubled Grand'-Anse district, where the vote was delayed due to technical difficulties, are set for Sunday, officials said. Haiti has been without a Parliament since President Rene Preval dismissed legislators in 1999 to resolve a power struggle. Copyright 2000 The Associated Press. The information contained in the AP news report may not be published, broadcast, r ...

A written project on the theme of one selected characteristic/attribute associated with the Business Entrepreneur and researched in the context of one noteworthy entrepreneur

Methodology: This study was based on the integration of the secondary research. Practical evidence demonstrates the main secondary evidence in relation to the Facebook case study. Findings: The main findings demonstrate that innovation is not necessarily sourced from a discipline. To a large extent, it requires creative thinking and environment. Furthermore, it has been found that the process of innovation is not always structured. This suggests that in some cases, there are elements of experimentation and accident. Introduction This paper looks at the investigation of innovation in the contemporary business world. In details, this paper includes exploration of the actual concept of innovation within the context of entrepreneurship. This research will focus on the examination of Facebook and its founder, Mark Zuckerberg. This would serve as the practical evidence of the innovative product and/or service that has formed the contemporary social media business. Rogers, (1998, p.6) has defined innovation â€Å"as the process of introducing the new ideas to the firm which result in increased firm performance† . Within the context of this paper, innovation is attributed to the new social media product that has been invented and, therefore, resulted in the startup and further success of Facebook as a company. This has been a transformational innovation since it resulted in the transformation of the interactive, social media platform. This paper will discuss the actual process of this transformation. This implies that the majority of individuals have been reluctant to adopt the innovation, after its initial introduction (Rogers, 1998). At the moment, Facebook has already around 1 billion subscribers worldwide, who update their statuses, on a daily basis. Mark Zuckerberg, the founder of Facebook, is one of the greatest entrepreneurs of the modern times. Facebook employs around 3,200 employees and is known worldwide. The company’s market value is $ 75 billion-$ 100 billion (Hoovers, 2012). This study will investigate the main factors that innovation should possess, and the reasons behind its success among the consumers. The main critical analysis is going to be presented in the literature review. This will lay the foundation for further investigation. Practical evidence will demonstrate the case study in relation to the researched theories. Finally, the findings from the literature review and practical evidence are going to be juxtaposed in the analysis section. Literature Review Recent research suggests that innovation is an outcome of creativity. This implies that innovation may occur, when a person realizes stimulating and new ideas, which he or she, has (Austin, Devin and Sullivan, 2012). Some companies tend to shape the work environment in order to produce the conditions that work well in terms ofthe development of the creative ideas. This is primarily associated with the integration of the particular practices, which allow the person to relax, and, therefore, generate ideas. Hopkins, (2010) suggests that innovation is a discipline. This implies that management of innovation may be compared with management of quality, where each detail is essential. This also implies that, after generation of the idea, it is important to focus on the efficient development of production, supply chain, distribution and marketing. The process of innovation development is also interlinked to the production of business model. It is especially intensified in the context of entrepreneurship. Drucker, (2002), suggests that innovation is sourced from the knowledge and hard work. This suggests that in order for innovation to be successful, it is necessaryto monitor the market, to interact and seek out opportunities to seize. As a result,, there is a small chance for accidental innovation that might emerge (Austin, Devin and Sullivan, 2012). However, given the conditions of contemporary market and situation, this chance is slim. This is correlated to the evolutionary theory, which suggests that the process of innovation production is interlinked with the dynamism of the environment and acquired knowledge and skills. Furthermore, it was added that the success of innovation is sourced from the learning abilities and behavioural traits of the entrepreneur. This implies that the values, cognition and the aims of the individual directly impact the process of innovation development (Metcalfe, 1998; Dosi, 1997). According to complexity theory, Anderson, (1999) states that the creative ideas are sourced from the environmental changes. This suggests that individuals and companies tend to take into account the environmental dynamism, thus shifting their perceptions, according to the global and/or domestic changes. This is further interlinked with the evaluation of the information, which is sourced from these dynamical changes. This, in turn, results in the development of the innovations. This theory is based on the estimation that the innovation should evolve, as part of the constant environmental dynamics. Contrary to this, Brown and Eisenhardt, (1998) suggest that innovation is driven by experimentation rather than evolution. This implies that the individual should always experiment, in order to create some innovative solutions. This is attributed to the â€Å"trial and error† pathway. This pathway is regarded to be quite effective as demonstrated in the recent research. It is primarily interlinked with the hard work and discipline, which is noted in the study by Hopkins, (2010). Damanpour, (1992) disagrees and states that there is no definite practice that would allow efficient production and management of the innovative products and/or services. This suggests that there are four main factors that affect the possible success of the innovation. These factors are attributed to the type of innovation, stage of innovation, scope of innovation and organization. Given the technology industry, the scope of innovation is not easy to define at the startup stage of innovation. It has been identified by Rothwell and Dodgson, (1995) that there is a small difference between the development of innovation in small companies and large corporations. It has been estimated that the process of innovation development in small companies tend to be of a behavioural nature, whereas in large corporations – of a materialistic nature. Additionally, it has been added that the process of the development of innovation in the smaller companies tends to be dependent on the industry. It is assumed that, in the technology industry, the degree of innovation’s success is increased, due to the large pool of opportunities. However, as Hopkins, (2010) has pointed out, it does require a discipline. Freeman and Soete, (1997) agree that the innovative products and services depend on the scope of RD activities. This suggests that there is a greater chance for larger corporations to implement the innovation, due to the large available funds. However, as the recent research demonstrates, there are a lot of entrepreneurs, who have been successful in production of innovation with limited investments (e.g. Mark Zuckerberg; Steve Jobs). Littler, Leverick and Bruce, (2003) argue that the innovative product development is associated with high risk, which is dispensed across the production and Research and Development areas. As the result, it has been proposed in the same source that increased collaboration is required in order to achieve the objectives, in relation to the innovative solutions product. These scholars have also added that the main factors that affect the increase of the risk degree is attributed to the utilization of the new technology. Practical Evidence This section focuses on the presentation of the practical evidence of the key theories that have been analysed in the literature review section. This section is based on the integration of the case study about Facebook and its founder, Mark Zuckerberg. Mark Zuckerberg, 28 is the founder of the world’s largest social networking website, Facebook. It was launched back in 2004, in the dorm room of Harvard University (CrunchBase, 2012). Prior to this, Mark Zuckerberg has tried to launch another two programs, namely a music recommendation program, Synapse and peer-to-peer client, Wirehog. However, he left them at the startup point (TechCrunch, 2012). Along with that, Mark Zuckerberg also launched Coursematch and Facemash programs during his studies at Harvard University. Facebook was originally developed for students to interact, however it has been further extended to a global scale. As a result, Facebook has become a success internationally (New Yorker, 2010). Prior to the development of Facebook, Mark Zuckerberg studied computer science, however, he has another degree in psychology. This suggests that he understands both the computer technology and human behaviour (New Yorker, 2012). With regard to the personal characteristics, Mark Zuckerberg has been described as quiet, unassuming gentleman, who focuses on hard work and achievement of the objectives. This shows that he doesn’t take anything for granted, thus focusing intensively on further development of Facebook operations. To date, Facebook has generated $1.26 billion, however, it has reported a recent loss, which is associated with the inability to develop the mobile advertising sector (CNCWorld, 2012; Information Week, 2012). The primary source of income is attributed to the advertising since Facebook is free to subscribe. This implies that there is still room for improvement in the mobile advertising area, whereas the main competitors already enjoy the generated profits fr om this sector. The mobile advertising area has been overlooked by Mark Zuckerberg, given the recent rise in the access to the Internet from mobile phones (New Media Trends, 2012). This implies that the modern consumers tend to utilize the mobile applications more, which is supported by the recent data that states that the number of mobile Internet users has doubled. Information Week, (2012) demonstrates that there have been 75 % of social networking users, who have accessed Facebook via their Android-supported mobile devices in U.S.A, in March, 2012. Facebook management agrees that there is still a room for development however, the main problem is attributed to the inability to provide high resolution advertisements on small mobile screens (Information Week, 2012). This is assumed to be surprising, in the light of Mark Zuckerberg’s ability to develop the new social media platform, during the rise of the Internet. This implies that Mark Zuckerberg tends to seize the opportunities, once they arise. The main aim of Facebook, to date, is regarded to be a willingness to make the globe a more open place, by means of social interactions (New Yorker, 2010). However, contrary to this, Mark Zuckerberg, himself, is characterized as being private, thus not sharing a lot of information about himself. This is supported by the fact that he does not give a lot of interviews and/or make public appearances (CrunchBase, 2012). With regards to the work environment, that is managed in Facebook headquarters, it has been estimated in the recent research that the workers are driven to educate themselves while working. This is interconnected with the fact that Facebook was founded at the University so, Mark Zuckerberg is trying to transform the workplace into the educational institution in order to drive the creativity’s emergence. The design of the Facebook offices promotes openness as the key feature of Facebook program (Business Insider, 2009). This implies that employees are not limited by the cubicles’ boundaries. Additionally, the working hours are flexible. This suggests that the employees may choose their own hours in order to deliver the best product solutions possible. Furthermore, Mark Zuckerberg tends to promote openess in interaction, suggesting that the employees are able to walk around the headquarters, thus interacting with others (Business Insider, 2009). The main aim of this is t o promote the development of the creative ideas, which would be applicable to the Facebook (Business Insider, 2009). Along with that, the main negative comments have only been attributed to the distant location of the Facebook headquarters. Additionally, some employees have stated that it is difficult to concentrate while working in the open areas. Therefore, the promoted openess does not work for everybody (Business Insider, 2009). Analysis This section is based on the production of the links between the main theories and the key findings, derived from the practical evidence. It had been estimated that Facebook was developed, during the period, when internet, as a communication channel was starting to gain the popularity amongst the public (New Media Trends, 2012). This shows that Mark Zuckerberg had been following the evolutionary theory related to the innovative development and given his specialized knowledge and learning abilities, he scanned the environment for opportunities and dynamic changes (Anderson, 1999). In 2004, there was a limited amount of social networking platforms, presented on the market that would allow enjoyable social interaction. As a result, he developed Facebook in order to meet the educational needs, with the limited resources available. It was based purely on the knowledge and skills he had obtained. One of the main benefits was that he could combine his technology-related knowledge with the education degree he received in psychology (Time, 2012). This has allowed the development of the social networking platform that would sui t the needs of consumers. Furthermore, the theoretical frameworks suggest that there is supposed to be a creative and relaxing environment in order to produce the innovative idea. At that time, Mark Zuckerberg has been studying in the university, which suggests that he was associated with the young and educated people with a lot of aspirations (New Yorker, 2010). Normally, in this environment, the most innovative ideas are born, so, this supports the theoretical evidence. Evolutionary theory is also supported by the fact that Mark Zuckerberg also tried to integrate other social media products but he failed to succeed with some of them. This demonstrates a certain degree of learning, integrated in the process of the innovation development. This implies that after the failure of his previous innovations , he has advanced the process of innovative solutions production, based on the mistakes he had made (CrunchBase, 2012). Additionally, the process of innovation production has been supported by the acquired and/or natural behavioural traits of the entrepreneur. This suggests that Mark Zuckerberg has always been a hard worker whilst eliminating the need â€Å"to take everything for granted† (Time, 2012). Therefore, he has always been focused on the achievement of his objectives. The elements of the accidental innovation may be followed once Facebook had become popular outside the university. This shows that, despite the primary educational objectives related to the Facebook platform, Mark Zuckerberg accidentally met the needs of a wider international audience (Austin, Devin and Sullivan, 2012). This was the starting point of Facebook’s success. At the moment, being a large corporation, Facebook constantly updates the website with new applications, as a result of the evaluation of the consumer needs and environment. However, some subscribers tend to be confused with the constant changes that Facebook integrates (Guardian, 2010). In this case, the aspects of experimentation are demonstrated. These can be traced inthe theory of â€Å"trial and error†, which suggests the evaluation of the most profitable products and services based on experimentation (Brown and Eisenhardt, 1998). This is proved to be effective, however it also drives a large degr ee of confusion amongst the subscribers. Another critical aspect is attributed to the problem with the mobile advertising, which has resulted in the decrease of the revenues of Facebook, recently (Business Insider, 2012). This suggests that management of the company failed to scan the environment in order to integrate the necessary solutions with regards to the emergence of the new trend. As the result, this has negatively resulted in the poor company’s performance (Business Insider, 2012). This is said to be especially surprising, given the ability of Mark Zuckerberg to seize the opportunities and the scope of the modern Facebook corporation. This is supported by the literature review findings, which suggest that it is much easier for larger corporations to integrate innovative solutions due to the large funding available for Research and Development activities (Freeman and Soete, 1997). In this case, at the moment, Facebook failed to do that. Recent data demonstrates that another reason behind this, is attributed to the lack of clear strategic vision. This implies that Mark Zuckerberg aims at the delivery of accidental innovations rather than the result of a clear strategic vision (Business Insider, 2009). He expects the innovation to appear as a result of the management of the creative environment. It has been estimated in the literature review that it is necessary to promote the discipline during the process of innovation development (Hopkins, 2010). However, with regards to Facebook’s work conditions, it is not necessarily applicable. This implies that the company aims to integrate open interactions and flexible working hours. This is said to be appealing for the majority of employees. However there are some employees, who state that it is hard to concentrate while working in this sort of environment. As a result, Facebook aims to promote the casual and relaxing environment, which would allow development of creative solutions. Conclusion This paper was aimed at discussing research on innovation within the entrepreneurship context. It focused on the exploration of the Facebook case and its founder, Mark Zuckerberg. The main theories have indicated that there are several patterns of innovation development, namely accidental innovation production, evolutionary, experimental and complexity theories. The Literature review has also demonstrated that environment also plays a large role in the process of innovation development. Other scholars suggest that the success of innovation depends on the entrepreneur’s personal characteristic and actual characteristics attributed to the innovation. The main findings, based on the analysis of one of the greatest entrepreneurs, have demonstrated that the innovation’s production process incorporates elements of accidental process and both experimental and evolutionary processes. Additionally, it has been estimated that the dynamics of the environment and personal characte ristics of the entrepreneur tend to play a large role in relation to the worldwide success of the innovation. However, it is essential to further update the innovations in order to stay on the market. This, in turn, may also incorporate the elements of the experimentation. However, one of the main factors is related to the ability to seize the opportunities. References: Anderson, P. (1999). Complexity theory and organization science. Organization Science, 10, 3, 216 – 232 Austin, R., L. Devin, and E. Sullivan. (2012). Accidental Innovation: Supporting Valuable Unpredictability in the Creative Process. Organization Science, 23, 5, 1505-1522. Brown, S. L. and K. Eisenhardt (1998). Competing on the Edge – Strategy as Structured Chaos. Harvard Business School Press: USA Business Insider, (2012). From $0 To $1 Billion In Two Quarters – Facebook’s Mobile Ad Business Is Suddenly Huge. Available from: http://www.businessinsider.com/starting-from-0-facebook-has-created-a-1-billion-mobile-ad-business-in-just-two-quarters-2012-10 (Accessed on 13/11/2012) Business Insider , (2012). What Is It Like Working At Facebook?. Available from: http://www.businessinsider.com/what-is-it-like-working-at-facebook-2009-12?op=1 (Accessed on 13/11/2012) CNC World, (2012). Facebook ADs revenue rises. Available from: http://www.cncworld.tv/news/v_show/28730_Facebook_ADs_revenue_rises.shtml (Accessed on 13/11/2012) Crunch Base, (2012). Mark Zuckerberg. Available from: http://www.crunchbase.com/person/mark-zuckerberg (Accessed on 13/11/2012) Damanpour, F. (1992). Organization size and innovation. Organization Studies, 13, 3, 375 – 402 Dosi, G. (1997). Opportunities, Incentives and the Collective Patterns of Technological Change. The Economic Journal, 107, September Drucker, P.F. (2002). The discipline of innovation. Harvard Business Review, 80, 8, 95-102 Freeman, C. and L. Soete (1997). The Economics of Industrial Innovation. Third Ed., London: Pinter Guardian, (2010). How to Confuse a Facebook User. Available from: http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/blog/2010/feb/11/facebook-readwriteweb (Accessed on 13/11/2012) Hoovers, (2012). Facebook Company Information. Available from: http://www.hoovers.com/company-information/cs/company-profile.Facebook_Inc.f1fe73cc6a208e18.html (Accessed on 13/11/2012) Hopkins M. (2010). Innovation Isn’t ‘Creativity,’ It’s a Discipline You Manage. MitSloan Management Review, February Information Week, (2012). Facebook Hits 1 Billion Users: Now The Hard Part. Available from: http://www.informationweek.com/thebrainyard/news/social_networking_consumer/240008527/facebook-hits-1-billion-users-now-the-hard-part (Accessed on 13/11/2012) Littler, D., Leverick, F., Bruce, M., (2003). Factors affecting the process of collaborative product development: a study of UK manufacturers of information and communications technology products. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 12, 1, 16-32 Metcalfe, J. (1998). Cognitive optimism: Self-deception or memory based processing heuristics?. Personality Social Psychology Review, 2, 100-110 New Media Trend Watch, (2012), Available from: http://www.newmediatrendwatch.com/ (Accessed on 13/11/2012) New Yorker, (2010).The Face of Facebook. Available from: http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2010/09/20/100920fa_fact_vargas (Accessed on 13/11/2012) Rogers, M (1998). The Definition and Measurement of Innovation. Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, p.6, The University of Melbourne: Australia Rothwell R. and M. Dodgson (1995), Innovation and Size of Firm, in Dodgson, M. and Rothwell, R., eds., The Handbook of Industrial Innovation, Aldershot: Edward Elgar, 310-324 Tech Crunch, (2012). Mark Zuckerberg: Our Biggest Mistake Was Betting Too Much On HTML5. Available from: http://techcrunch.com/2012/09/11/mark-zuckerberg-our-biggest-mistake-with-mobile-was-betting-too-much-on-html5/ (Accessed on 13/11/2012) Time, (2012). Is It Time for Facebook’s Mark Zuckerberg to Step Aside as CEO?. Available from: http://business.time.com/2012/08/01/is-it-time-for-facebooks-mark-zuckerberg-to-step-aside-as-ceo/ (Accessed on 13/11/2012)

Research a hospitality facility development or refurbishment of your Paper

A hospitality facility development or refurbishment of your choice - Research Paper Example The banner â€Å"The Character of London† was successfully upheld through the hotel’s various refurbishment efforts to exude the luxury for the 21st Century. Hotel Savoy’s legacy of being the first luxury hotel in London was preserved with the renovations and series of changes they made to make the establishment more pleasing to the customer’s taste and according to environmental trends. Hotel Savoy History It all started with a piece of land given by King Henry II to Count Peter II of Savoy. There, Peter II built the Savoy Palace. The structure underwent several destructions especially that it was built at the time when Britain was at serious political strife. After few centennials, a theater in the same place was built by Richard D'Oyly. D'Oyly, a constant traveler, was inspired with the hotel he had seen in the United States, and this inspired him to transform the theater into London's first luxury hotel, the Hotel Savoy (Peck, 2010). Ever since Hotel S avoy became more than just the owner’s concept, it has been enjoying a celebrity-like status, just like their guests. Being the first hotel in London to offer electricity services and lift (then called as ‘ascending rooms’), the success became sensational that the most famous people in various fields never fail to drop in Hotel Savoy whenever they visit London. Notable figures who became frequent visitors of Hotel Savoy include Katherine Hepburn, Oscar Wilde, Coco Chanel, Bob Dylan, Queen Elizabeth II, Prince Charles, The Beatles, Elizabeth Taylor, and many more (Savoy, n.d.). A-list customers such as the above mentioned made the hotel legendary. Through the fast-paced changes, a good thing about the hotel’s management system is that it prioritizes customer satisfaction. In doing this, hotel staff and hoteliers were trained extensively to meet the discriminating customers. From bartenders to administrative staff, competence can be observed. Last 2007, the hotel was closed temporarily for an extensive overhaul and was reopened last year, complete with new features and more luxurious services (Anon., 2010). The Hotel’s Refurbishment After more than a centennial of luxury hotel service, Savoy’s owners decided to close it temporarily for refurbishment to take the hotel to a new level of elegance. In a report by Stinson (2007), owners of the hotel revealed that they plan to auction few of the items owned by the hotel such as the grand piano which Frank Sinatra once played when he was invited by the hotel some years ago, and the tiles of the ballroom which Hollywood star Marilyn Monroe and Her Royal Highness Queen Elizabeth II danced on when they visited the place. The starting prices of auctioned items began with more than 200 pounds to as high as 1000 pounds or more. However, hoteliers assured that the hotel’s trademarks such as the figure of Kaspar the Cat and everything found in the American bar will not be sold to preserve the antique feel of the establishment (Stinson, 2007). Customers who are frequent in the hotel are not quite sure about the changes the management had decided because there might be a lot missing in the hotel and they might lose nostalgia of their previous visits; however, the hotel heads were assuring the customers that Savoy will still be recognizable. The Edwardian features and Art Deco style of the hotel would be maintained and developed. Financial analysts did not believe that the hotel’s timing in refurbishing the property is good, considering

How effective is the legislature at scrutinising the executive in the Coursework

How effective is the legislature at scrutinising the executive in the Uk - Coursework Example This means that the absolute power lies within the parliament. Nonetheless, the reality of the matter is most of the power would appear to be exercised by the Government which is the Executive branch. In order to understand the distribution of power within the British constitution, it is fundamental to understand the doctrine of the separation of powers. This is a doctrine that can be traced back to the era of Aristotle. This doctrine claims that the power of the government or the state should be equally dispersed among three separately constituted institution . Government (Executive) the law making body (legislature) and the courts ( the courts). This prescriptive theory claims that the abovementioned bodies must be separate and and be subject to checks and balance so that no individual body can have the vast majority of the power or abuse of power. A renowned psychologist, John Locke addresses the need for an equitable distribution of power so that it may not be a great temptation to human frailty for those making the laws and those who have to execute them. If one institution is given much power, it is able to use its powers as it wishes and this can result to dictatorship thus leading to inequality and oppression. This is the type of governence that is being practiced in U.K. However, it can be critically percieved that the separation of powers is a mere ideology which can not be achieved in a realistic manner .First, a complete separation would lead to a legislative deadlock thus creating a communication barrier and lack of cooperation between the executive and the legislature. Regardless of the fact that the legislature has the power to pass, amend and repeal any law, there is a great deal of communication from the executive thus having an adverse effect on what the legislation has passed. This means that they have to work hand in hand in hand for the British constitution to show fairness and equity(GREAT BRITAIN 2007,pg. 56). It should follow the footste ps of the complete separation of power like the American constitution. WATTS asserts that this is a classical example of a democratic style of leadership (2007).There is a complete distribution between the the President (executive) congress( the legislature) which are being separately elected with two parties, Democrats and Republicans . This means that the the leader that is elected will be a Democratic leader in the executive position(President ) and Republic leader dominant in the congress. On the other hand, observing the British constitutional arrangement, one can witness a totally different scenario. The U.K constitution is marginally different in the sense that rather than having a complete separation there is utter dominance of one body or branch of government. Parliament in the the U.K. is made up of the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The executive in this case would be compared to the the President if U.S.A. So the main issue is how effective is the government to account for the house of Lord and Commons. JOHARI asserts In the UK, holding the Government to account is one the main functions that the parliament has (2002). The parliament has other responsibilities by force the government to justify bills, defend their actions , explain their motives and policies. This is only applicable before the elections., during the election the electorate holds the government t